Butterflies of
the Amazon and Andes
Sandbar Purplewing
Eunica clytia
HEWITSON, 1852
Family - NYMPHALIDAE
subfamily -
BIBLIDINAE
Tribe - EPICALIINI
subtribe -
EPICALIINA
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Eunica
clytia, male, Rio Madre de Dios, Peru |
Introduction
The
genus
Eunica
contains 40 species colloquially known as Purplewings due to the dazzling purple
or metallic blue iridescence on the uppersides of the males. Females lack the
iridescence, and are typically a dull earthy brown colour with a diagonal white
band across the forewings. The underside hindwings of most species are
beautifully marbled, and bear a
distinctive arrangement of ocelli.
Eunica clytia
is one of the less colourful species. Males are blackish-brown on the upperside with a
vague purple sheen. The female
is earthy brown above, with 5 very prominent white spots in the subapical area.
The
butterfly occurs in the south-west Amazonian areas of Brazil and Peru.
Habitats
This is a lowland rainforest species found at altitudes between about 100-500m.
Lifecycle
The lifecycle of Eunica
species in general is poorly known and I can find no published details of the early stages
of this species. The eggs of most Eunica
species are laid singly on the flowers and leaf buds of trees including Mabea
( Euphorbiaceae ) and
Bursera ( Burseraceea ). The larvae are
likely to vary considerably in colouration and pattern from species to species,
but generally have short spines along the sides, and a single row of longer
erect spines on the last 3 segments of the body.
Adult behaviour
Females are normally
encountered
singly, flying in light gaps in the forest understorey or basking
on bushes along forest trails. Males however are usually
encountered in mud-puddling swarms on river beaches in full sunshine.
It is worth recalling my
observations of mud-puddling butterflies seen on a particular
sandbank on the Rio Madre de Dios, Peru, in August 2007 :
On the day I arrived, recent
rainfall had left the sandbank damp. Species including
Panacea prola, Phoebis agarithe,
Dryas iulia,
Philaethria dido,
Protographium agesilaus and
Melete lycimnia were present in
large numbers, formed into compact single species groups scattered
along a stretch of about 50 metres. Other butterflies including
Adelpha jordani,
Lasaia agesilas,
Baeotus deucalion,
Marpesia furcula and
Eunica clytia were only present in
one's and two's. As the sand dried out over the
next 4 days the species composition changed remarkably. First to
disappear were the Phoebis,
followed by the Protographium. New arrivals not seen previously included the skippers
Antigonus nearchus,
Camptopleura theramenes and
Myrinia myris. Numbers of
Eunica clytia increased daily. By
the 4th day the sandbank was seething with a swarm of at least 500
clytia males, aggressively competing for space. All other butterfly
species had abandoned the site, either because the sand had become
too dry, or because they had been ousted by the swarming
clytia.
In the space of 4 days the scene on the riverbank had changed from
a multicoloured patchwork of mixed species, into a swirling brown
mass of Eunica clytia. A massive
storm hit the area the next day so further observations were
impossible, but my impression was that a migrating swarm of
clytia had passed through, and that
their migration had been triggered by the approaching storm.
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