The orange form oechalia illustrated is also known by the junior synonym hermione. A very beautiful form known as iole also occurs, in which an intense iridescent purple sheen overlays the golden orange basal area. Some authors including d'Abrera and DeVries treat this as a separate species. Sunset Daggerwings occur from Nicaragua to Bolivia, inhabiting evergreen rainforests at altitudes from sea level to about 1200m.

This species occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia, where it breeds in disturbed semi-open forest-edge habitats, roadsides, riverbanks, secondary forest and farmland at altitudes up to about 1200m. Males are usually encountered singly, seen imbibing dissolved minerals from sandbanks, wallows, salt licks and the edges of muddy puddles. Females are more often seen nectaring at flowers along roadsides and riverbanks.

The genus Gorgopas contains 5 species which are superficially very similar to Bolla and Staphylus. They can be distinguished from them by the presence of metallic scales on the thorax and basal areas of the wings. G. trochilus is usually encountered singly, when imbibing moisture from sandbanks or muddy paths. At these times it is usually very active, skipping from spot to spot, always settling with wings outspread.

The common name Stinky Leafwing, and species name odius probably refer to the odorous rotting fruits to which this insect is attracted. It is a swift and very powerful flyer, which swoops down from it's perches high in Cecropia trees to feed at fermenting mangos, plantains and other fruits lying on the forest floor. Both sexes visit fruit, but males are also attracted to rocky overhangs, peccary wallows and rock strewn riverbanks, where they imbibe moisture to extract dissolved minerals.

The Pyrginae are commonly known as Spreadwings due to their habit of basking with the wings outspread. They occur worldwide, in all habitats including mountains, grasslands and rainforests. In the neotropics there are 991 species. The genus Antigonus comprises 9 medium sized species, characterised by having a pointed fw apex, slight concavities in the outer margins, and a habit of holding the forewings such that the apex is folded downwards at an angle of about 30 degrees.

Myrinia mysis occurs in the southern Amazon of Peru, Bolivia and Brazil at altitudes below about 600m. My only observations of this species have been of male singletons visiting sandbanks. The butterflies are very active, zig-zagging and dodging about rapidly just above the surface of the ground. They rarely settle for more than a second or two, and spread their wings immediately upon landing. They are difficult to spot when settled on the dark sand, but once seen the ocelli on the forewings seem to stare at the observer.

The colouration of this species is similar to that of the Cattleheart butterflies ( Parides ), a group of Papilionids with toxic qualities derived from their larval foodplants Aristolochia. Butterflies in the genus Mimoides feed as larvae on Annonaceae, and are not thought to be toxic to predators. Entomologists have an unfortunate tendency to automatically believe that similar but unrelated species must be involved in mimicry, but in this instance there may be an element of truth.

The genus Pythonides is closely allied to Sostrata and Quadrus. It contains 20 species, characterised by having sooty wings marked with small transparent windows in the median area of the forewings, and bands or rays of metallic blue scales on the hindwings. They are almost always encountered singly. In warm overcast conditions or weak hazy sunlight they bask on foliage at a height of about 2-3m above ground level. In hot sunny conditions they retreat to the forest interior.

Eueides are allied to Dryas, and comprise of 12 species which differ greatly in colouration and patterning. Some, like isabella appear to be mimics of "tiger-complex" Ithomiines. Others including aliphera and lineata are similar to Dryas. Yet others, including vibilia, resemble Actinote species. E. heliconioides falls into yet another group which strongly resemble Laparus species. To further confuse matters the butterfly was in fact classified under the name Heliconius eanes until the 1970's !

"White Grass Yellow" might sound like a contradiction in terms, but signifies that most other members of this genus are yellow, and live in grassy habitats. There are 19 neotropical Eurema species, of which 5 are whitish on the upper surface, but only albula has a white underside. Like most other Eurema species it breeds in disturbed semi-open forest edge habitats, including roadsides, riverbanks, secondary forest and farmland. It occurs at altitudes between sea level and about 1600m.

The genus Eunica contains 40 species, many of which have a purple sheen or brilliant metallic blue areas on the uppersides of the males. Eunica clytia is one of the less colourful species, having a blackish-brown upperside with a vague purple sheen. The female is earthy brown above, with 5 very prominent white spots in the subapical area. Females are normally found singly, flying in light gaps in the forest understorey, or basking on bushes along forest trails. Males on the other hand are usually encountered swarming on sandbanks in full sunshine.